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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or comparable hack is different, it will become a goal, a decoration for the bad guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the documents that you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, a few products save your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not you can find out more sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to have a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products accumulated here service AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is private, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it is all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.